RESEARCH AT CDSP

Groups
Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory
Biomedical Engineering Research
Telecommunications and Information Theory
Modeling & Control of Complex Systems
Wireless Communications and Advanced Networking
Auditory Modeling and Processing Laboratory
Integrity of Civil Infrastructure
Centers
Institute for Information Assurance
Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems

The research in the Reconfigurable Computing Laboratory focuses on mapping image and signal processing applications to reconfigurable hardware. There are two pieces to this research: mapping algorithms to hardware architectures and developing new tools for automatically generating hardware. Our aim is to provide tools and techniques that allow designers to focus on design tradeoffs, and to improve methods for automatically generating designs. In the lab we use a combination of research and commercial tools, as well as the hardware needed to map designs onto field programmable logic. Faculty: Professor Miriam Leeser
Research Projects
Tools:
Dynamo Systems with FPGAs in them are inherently hardware/software systems. The simplest of these systems have one host processor and one FPGA both of which are used for computation. We are developing tools to determine when to best make use of the FPGA hardware. Our tools are unique in that they take into account communication costs and overhead costs and not just the raw computational speedup from running an algorithm on FPGA hardware. Our tool focuses on image processing pipelines. It determines what to run in hardware and what in software, generates the pipeline implementation, and runs it. We will extend this work to other application domains as well as to more sophisticated systems with several FPGAs and several processors.
Embedded PowerPC New FPGA devices have embedded processors on the chip with the reconfigurable logic. We are investigating how best to make use of these embedded processors and how best to interface them to the FPGA logic. In addition, we are investigating ways to quantify computation times for algorithms run on the different types of resources available, including the overhead costs incurred in the interfaces. The goal is to predict how best to partition an application between hardware and software. For this research, we are using software defined radio as a target application.
Variable Precision Arithmetic Many of the applications used for FPGAs are scientific applications that require floating point representations of numbers. The goal of using FPGAs is to exploit low-level parallelism and to do as many computations in parallel as possible. In order to support both floating point representations and a high degree of parallelism, we have developed a library of FPGA components that implement basic floating point arithmetic functions including add, subtract, multiply, divide and square root. The hardware modules are fully parameterized. These components support the IEEE standard floating point formats, and also formats with reduced bit-widths to enable higher degrees of parallelism.
High Level Design Tool Evaluation
libHLS Tools for developing high level synthesis algorithms.
Memory Interfacing--Sliding Window Operations
VSIPL ++ Framework VSIPL++ is the C++ version of the Vector/Signal/Image Processing Library, a library of C and C++ routines for simply and efficiently writing programs to perform standard signal processing functions. This project seeks to create a framework to ease the inclusion of hardware algorithm accelerators (specifically those targeted for FPGAs) in VSIPL++ code development.
Applications In Reconfigurable Hardware:
Backprojection is the most common algorithm used in the tomographic reconstruction of a clinical data. An everyday example of tomographic is the medical x-ray CAT scan: a person is x-rayed from various angles and the two-dimensional density of the pers on can be "reconstructed" by using backprojection. However, the restoration is computation consuming. The project goal is to implement ba ckprojection algorithm in reconfiguable hardware thus greatly decrease the processing time.
The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is one of the most popular numerical methods for the solution of problems in electromagnetics. It is used for analyzing radar cross sections of airplanes, siting cell phone towers, and finding breast tumors, among other applications. The 3D FDTD algorithm can be used on buried object detection areas. One of the challenges to using FDTD is the large amount of computation required. We have a project to accelerate FDTD using FPGAs. Target applications are finding buried land mines and finding skin cancers in situ using confocal microscopy.

K-means clustering in both software and reconfigurable hardware.
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an important technique used in Fluid Dynamics to determine the flow of particles in a fluid. PIV is a whole-flow-field technique providing instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-section of a flow. PIV computes instantaneous 3D velocity vectors for an area of interest. Applications of PIV include combustion research, aircraft design studies, unsteady aerodynamic and turbulent water channel flows, and weather simulation. We are using FPGAs to accelerate PIV so that real-time PIV information can be used for control, for example for controlling the flaps of airfoils using real-time velocity information.
Phase unwrapping is the process of recovering phase information that has been constrained to cycle through the range between -pi and pi. Getting the original phase information is necessary for interference based imaging such as that used in the Optical Quadrature Microscope(OQM). Robust methods for performing this task are very computationally intensive in nature. The goal of this project is to identify the key components of such algorithms and implement them in reconfigurable harware.
Retinal Vascular Tracing Reconfigurable Hardware is used to accelerate an existing real-time algorithm for tracing of the vasculature and an alysis of intersections and crossovers in live high-resolution retinal fundus image sequences.
Past Research Projects
HML: A high level hardware description language and its translation toVHDL.
Grape: Graph-based power estimation for designing low-power CMOS VLSI circuits.
Rothko: A 3-D FPGA architecture and design tools using technology developed by the Northeastern Electron Devices Group.
Synthentic Aperture Radar: Environmental monitoring, earth resource mapping, and military systems require broad-area imaging at high resolutions. Many times the imagery must be acquired in inclement weather or during night as well as day. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides such a capability. SAR systems take advantage of the long-range propagation characteristics of radar signals and the complex information processing capability of modern digital electronics to provide high resolution imagery. Synthetic aperture radar complements photographic and other optical imaging capabilities because of the minimum constraints on time-of-day and atmospheric conditions and because of the unique responses of terrain and other targets to radar frequencies. We are developing an FPGA system for reconstructing images from SAR data. This project makes use of a Beowulf cluster owned by the DOD which has 48 nodes with an FPGA board at every node. One of the goals of this project is to investigate both the fine grained and coarse grained parallelism available on this cluster, and see how it can best be used to accelerate SAR processing.

The Biomedical Signal Processing
The Biomedical Signal Processing works on the development of signal and image processing algorithms to extract useful information from biomedical and biological signals. Our overall goal is to modify and develop powerful advanced signal processing algorithms in order to apply them appropriately for the analysis of these signals. We seek to use the signal processing theory to advance significant biomedical and biological applications, and at the same time to use the requirements of the physical problems we are interested in to push the advancement of signal processing theory and practice.

The lab has an on-going collaborations with researchers at the CardioVascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI) at the University of Utah and at MIT, at the Brigham and Women's Hospital of Harvard Medical School, and with Dr. Joseph Ayers of the Northeastern University Marine Science Center. Our work has been supported financially by the National Science Foundation, the Whitaker Foundation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Northeastern University College of Engineering. NU Faculty: Professor Dana Brooks

Wireless Communications and Advanced Networking
Research interests:
Statistical Inference in Communication Systems: Multiuser Detection, Multipath Channel, Characterization
Interference Mitigation
Statistical Inference of Sensing Networks: Indoor Radiolocation, Auto-localizing Mobile, Networks, Total Least Squares Approaches in Hyperspectral Imagery
Statistical Inference in Bio-Informatics: DNA Sequencing Algorithms

Our multi-disciplinary team will pursue problems from multiple perspectives: (1) improving network security that spans multiple network communication layers, including sensors, and wireless devices, (2) providing information data integrity that addresses threats such as viruses and insider attacks, and (3) developing information infrastructure that considers both hardware and software system vulnerabilities.

The long term goals of the Institute include: providing technological advances to ensure information security within organizations, providing advisory services to organizations to maintain data integrity and security within their infrastructure, and producing professionals that are appropriately trained in current technologies to guard organizations against malicious attacks.